Q27: Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?

Q: Wherein did Christ's humiliation consist?

A: Christ's humiliation consisted in his being born, and that in a low condition, (1) made under the law, (2) undergoing the miseries of this life, (3)the wrath of God, (4) and the cursed death of the cross; (5) in being buried, and continuing under the power of death for a time. (6)

1. Luke 2:7. And she brought forth her firstborn son, and wrapped him in swaddling clothes, and laid him in a manger; because there was no room for them in the inn.
   Philippians 2:6-8. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross.
   2 Corinthians 8:9. For ye know the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ, that, though he was rich, yet for your sakes he became poor, that ye through his poverty might be rich.

2. Galatians 4:4. But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law.

3. Isaiah 53:3. He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not.

4. Matthew 27:46. And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?
   Luke 22:41-44. And he was withdrawn from them about a stone's cast, and kneeled down, and prayed, saying, Father, if thou be willing, remove this cup from me: nevertheless not my will, but thine, be done. And there appeared an angel unto him from heaven, strengthening him. And being in an agony he prayed more earnestly: and his sweat was as it were great drops of blood falling down to the ground.

5. Galatians 3:13. Christ hath redeemed us from the curse of the law, being made a curse for us: for it is written, Cursed is every one that hangeth on a tree.
   Philippians 2:8. (See note 1 above)

6. 1 Corinthians 15:3-4 For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; and that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures.

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Q26: How doth Christ execute the office of a king?

Q: How doth Christ execute the office of a king?

A: Christ executeth the office of a king, in subduing us to himself, (1) in ruling and defending us, (2) and in restraining and conquering all his and our enemies. (3)

1. Psalm 110:3. Thy people shall be willing in the day of thy power, in the beauties of holiness from the womb of the morning: thou hast the dew of thy youth.

2. Isaiah 33:22. For the Lord is our judge, the Lord is our lawgiver, the Lord is our king; he will save us.

3. 1 Corinthians 15:25. For he must reign, till he hath put all enemies under his feet.
   Acts 12:17. But he, beckoning unto them with the hand to hold their peace, declared unto them how the Lord had brought him out of the prison. And he said, Go shew these things unto James, and to the brethren. And he departed, and went into another place.
   Acts 18:9-10. Then spake the Lord to Paul in the night by a vision, Be not afraid, but speak, and hold not thy peace: for I am with thee, and no man shall set on thee to hurt thee: for I have much people in this city.

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Q25: How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?

Q: How doth Christ execute the office of a priest?
A: Christ executeth the office of a priest, in his once offering up of himself a sacrifice to satisfy divine justice, (1) and reconcile us to God; (2) and in making continual intercession for us. (3)

1. Hebrews 9:14, 28. How much more shall the blood of Christ, who through the eternal Spirit offered himself without spot to God, purge your conscience from dead works to serve the living God? ...So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.
   Romans 3:26. To declare, I say, at this time his righteousness: that he might be just, and the justifier of him which believeth in Jesus.

2. Hebrews 2:17. Wherefore in all things it behoved him to be made like unto his brethren, that he might be a merciful and faithful high priest in things pertaining to God, to make reconciliation for the sins of the people.

3. Hebrews 7:25. Wherefore he is able also to save them to the uttermost that come unto God by him, seeing he ever liveth to make intercession for them.For a wealth of resources on this answer, see here.

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Q24: Q: How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?

Q: How doth Christ execute the office of a prophet?

A: Christ executeth the office of a prophet, in revealing to us, (1) by his word and Spirit, the will of God for our salvation. (2)

1. John 1:1, 4. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. . . In him was life; and the life was the light of men.

2. John 15:15. Henceforth I call you not servants; for the servant knoweth not what his lord doeth: but I have called you friends; for all things that I have heard of my Father I have made known unto you.
   John 20:31. But these are written, that ye might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God; and that believing ye might have life through his name.
   2 Peter 1:21. For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost.
   John 14:26. But the Comforter, which is the Holy Ghost, whom the Father will send in my name, he shall teach you all things, and bring all things to your remembrance, whatsoever I have said unto you.

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Q23: What offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer?

Q23: What offices doth Christ execute as our Redeemer?

A: Christ, as our Redeemer, executeth the offices of a prophet, (1) of a priest, (2) and of a king, both in his estate of humiliation and exaltation. (3)

1. Acts 3:22. For Moses truly said unto the fathers, A prophet shall the Lord your God raise up unto you of your brethren, like unto me; him shall ye hear in all things whatsoever he shall say unto you.
   Luke 4:18, 21. The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me to preach the gospel to the poor; he hath sent me to heal the brokenhearted, to preach deliverance to the captives, and recovering of sight to the blind, to set at liberty them that are bruised. . . And he began to say unto them, This day is this scripture fulfilled in your ears.

2. Hebrews 5:5-6. So also Christ glorified not himself to be made an high priest; but he that said unto him, Thou art my Son, to day have I begotten thee. As he saith also in another place, Thou art a priest for ever after the order of Melchisedec.
   Hebrews 4:14-15. Seeing then that we have a great high priest, that is passed into the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold fast ourprofession. For we have not an high priest which cannot be touched with the feeling of our infirmities; but was in all points tempted like as we are, yet without sin.

3. Revelation 19:16. And he hath on his vesture and on his thigh a name written, KING OF KINGS, AND LORD OF LORDS.
   Isaiah 9:6-7. For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given: and the government shall be upon his shoulder: and his name shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, The mighty God, The everlasting Father, The Prince of Peace. Of the increase of hisgovernment and peace there shall be no end, upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom, to order it, and to establish it with judgment and with justice from henceforth even for ever. The zeal of the LORD of hosts will perform this.
   Psalm 2:6. Yet have I set my king upon my holy hill of Zion.

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Q22: How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

Q22: How did Christ, being the Son of God, become man?

A: Christ, the Son of God, became man, by taking to himself a true body, and a reasonable soul, (1) being conceived by the power of the Holy Ghost, in the womb of the Virgin Mary, and born of her, (2) yet without sin. (3)

1. 1 Timothy 2:5. For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.

2. John 1:1, 14. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God . . . And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
   John 10:30. I and my Father are one.
   Philippians 2:6. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God.
   Galatians 4:4. But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law.

3. See texts just cited; also Philippians 2:5-11. Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

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Q21: Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?

Q21: Who is the Redeemer of God's elect?

A: The only Redeemer of God's elect, is the Lord Jesus Christ, (1) who, being the eternal Son of God, became man, (2) and so was, and continueth to be, God and man in two distinct natures, and one person, for ever. (3)

1. 1 Timothy 2:5. For there is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.

2. John 1:1, 14. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God . . . And the Word was made flesh, and dwelt among us, (and we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father,) full of grace and truth.
   John 10:30. I and my Father are one.
   Philippians 2:6. Who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God.
   Galatians 4:4. But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law.

3. See texts just cited; also Philippians 2:5-11. Let this mind be in you, which was also in Christ Jesus: who, being in the form of God, thought it not robbery to be equal with God: but made himself of no reputation, and took upon him the form of a servant, and was made in the likeness of men: and being found in fashion as a man, he humbled himself, and became obedient unto death, even the death of the cross. Wherefore God also hath highly exalted him, and given him a name which is above every name: that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth; and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

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Q20: Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

Q20: Did God leave all mankind to perish in the estate of sin and misery?

A: God having, out of His mere good pleasure, from all eternity, elected some to everlasting life, (1) did enter into a covenant of grace, to deliver them out of the estate of sin and misery, and to bring them into an estate of salvation by a Redeemer. (2)

1. Ephesians 1:4-7. According as he hath chosen us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before him in love: having predestinated us unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ to himself, according to the good pleasure of his will, to the praise of the glory of his grace, wherein he hath made us accepted in the beloved. In whom we have redemption through his blood, the forgiveness of sins, according to the riches of his grace.
   Titus 3:4-7. But after that the kindness and love of God our Saviour toward man appeared, not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour; that being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life.

2. Titus 1:2. In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began.
   Galatians 3:21. Is the law then against the promises of God? God forbid: for if there had been a law given which could have given life, verily righteousness should have been by the law.
   Romans 3:20-22. Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin. But now the righteousness of God without the law is manifested, being witnessed by the law and the prophets; even the righteousness of God which is by faith of Jesus Christ unto all and upon all them that believe: for there is no difference.

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Q19: What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?

Q: What is the misery of that estate whereinto man fell?

A: All mankind by their fall lost communion with God, (1) are under his wrath and curse, (2) and so made liable to all miseries in this life, to death itself, and to the pains of hell for ever. (3)

1. Genesis 3:8, 24. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God amongst the trees of the garden... So he drove out the man; and he placed at the east of the garden of Eden Cherubims, and a flaming sword which turned every way, to keep the way of the tree of life.

2. Ephesians 2:3. Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.

3. Romans 5:14. Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.
   Romans 6:23. For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.

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Q18: Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

Q: Wherein consists the sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell?

A: The sinfulness of that estate whereinto man fell, consists in the guilt of Adam's first sin, (1) the want of original righteousness, and the corruption of his whole nature, which is commonly called Original Sin; (2) together with all actual transgressions which proceed from it. (3)

1. Romans 5:12, 19. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned... For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous.
   1 Corinthians 15:22. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.

2. Romans 5:6. For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.
   Ephesians 2:1-3. And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience: among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.
   Romans 8:7-8. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be. So then they that are in the flesh cannot please God.
   Genesis 6:5. And God saw that the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually.
   Romans 3:10-20. As it is written, There is none righteous, no, not one: There is none that understandeth, there is none that seeketh after God. They are all gone out of the way, they are together become unprofitable; there is none that doeth good, no, not one. Their throat is an open sepulchre; with their tongues they have used deceit; the poison of asps is under their lips: Whose mouth is full of cursing and bitterness:Their feet are swift to shed blood: Destruction and misery are in their ways: And the way of peace have they not known: There is no fear of God before their eyes. Now we know that what things soever the law saith, it saith to them who are under the law: that every mouth may be stopped, and all the world may become guilty before God. Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin.
   Psalm 51:5. Behold, I was shapen in iniquity; and in sin did my mother conceive me.
   Psalm 58:3. The wicked are estranged from the womb: they go astray as soon as they be born, speaking lies.

3. James 1:14-15. But every man is tempted, when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed. Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin: and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth death.
   Matthew 15:19. For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, thefts, false witness, blasphemies.

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Q17: Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?

Q: Into what estate did the fall bring mankind?
A: The fall brought mankind into an estate of sin and misery. (1)

1. Romans 5:12. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned.
   Galatians 3:10. For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.

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Q16: Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?

Q: Did all mankind fall in Adam's first transgression?
A: The covenant being made with Adam, not only for himself, but for his posterity; (1) all mankind, descending from him by ordinary generation, sinned in him, and fell with him, in his first transgression. (2)

1. Acts 17:26. And hath made of one blood all nations of men for to dwell on all the face of the earth, and hath determined the times before appointed, and the bounds of their habitation.

2. Genesis 2:17. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
   1 Corinthians 15:21-22. For since by man came death, by man came also the resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.

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Q15: What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?

Q: What was the sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created?
A: The sin whereby our first parents fell from the estate wherein they were created, was their eating the forbidden fruit. (1)

1. Genesis 3:6-8, 13. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God amongst the trees of the garden... And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
   2 Corinthians 11:3. But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.

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Q14: What is sin?

Q: What is sin?

A: Sin is any want of conformity unto, or transgression of, the law of God.

1. 1 John 3:4. Whosoever committeth sin transgresseth also the law: for sin is the transgression of the law.
   James 4:17. Therefore to him that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.
   Romans 3:23. For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God.

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Q13: Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?

Q: Did our first parents continue in the estate wherein they were created?

A: Our first parents, being left to the freedom of their own will, fell from the estate wherein they were created, by sinning against God. (1)

1. Genesis 3:6-8, 13. And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat. And the eyes of them both were opened, and they knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together, and made themselves aprons. And they heard the voice of the Lord God walking in the garden in the cool of the day: and Adam and his wife hid themselves from the presence of the Lord God amongst the trees of the garden... And the Lord God said unto the woman, What is this that thou hast done? And the woman said, The serpent beguiled me, and I did eat.
   
   2 Corinthians 11:3. But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtilty, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.

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Q12: What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the estate wherein he was created?

Q: What special act of providence did God exercise toward man in the estate wherein he was created?

A: When God had created man, he entered into a covenant of life with him, upon condition of perfect obedience; (1) forbidding him to eat of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, upon the pain of death. (2)

1. Compare Genesis 2:17. And the Lord God commanded the man, saying, Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.
   
   With Romans 5:12-14. Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned: (for until the law sin was in the world: but sin is not imputed when there is no law. Nevertheless death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over them that had not sinned after the similitude of Adam's transgression, who is the figure of him that was to come.
   
   Romans 10:5. For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them.
   
   Luke 10:25-28. And, behold, a certain lawyer stood up, and tempted him, saying, Master, what shall I do to inherit eternal life? He said unto him, What is written in the law? how readest thou? And he answering said, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy strength, and with all thy mind; and thy neighbour as thyself. And he said unto him, Thou hast answered right: this do, and thou shalt live. And with the covenants made with Noah and Abraham.
   

2. Genesis 2:17. But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die.

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For an introduction to Covenant Theology, see here.

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For an introduction to the Covenant of Works, see here.

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Q11: What are God's works of providence?

Q11: What are God's works of providence?

A: God's works of providence are, his most holy, (1) wise, (2) and powerful preserving (3) and governing all his creatures and all their actions. (4)

1. Psalm 145:17. The Lord is righteous in all his ways, and holy in all his works.

2. Psalm 104:24. O Lord, how manifold are thy works! in wisdom hast thou made them all: the earth is full of thy riches.

3. Hebrews 1:3. Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high.

4. Psalm 103:19. The Lord hath prepared his throne in the heavens; and his kingdom ruleth over all.
   Matthew 10:29-30. Are not two sparrows sold for a farthing? and one of them shall not fall on the ground without your Father. But the very hairs of your head are all numbered.
   Job 38-41.

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Q10: How did God create man?

Q: How did God create man?
A: God created man male and female, after his own image, (1) in knowledge, righteousness, and holiness, (2) with dominion over the creatures. (3)

1. Genesis 1:27. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.
   Revelation 4:11. Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.

2. Colossians 3:10. And have put on the new man, which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him.
   Ephesians 4:24. And that ye put on the new man, which after God is created in righteousness and true holiness.

3. Genesis 1:28. And God blessed them, and God said unto them, Be fruitful, and multiply, and replenish the earth, and subdue it: and have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing that moveth upon the earth.

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Q9: What is the work of creation?

Q: What is the work of creation?

A: The work of creation is, God's making all things of nothing, by the word of his power, in the space of six days, and all very good. (1)

1. Hebrews 11:3. Through faith we understand that the worlds were framed by the word of God, so that things which are seen were not made of things which do appear.
   
   Revelation 4:11. Thou art worthy, O Lord, to receive glory and honour and power: for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.
   
   Genesis 1:1-31.

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Q8: How doth God execute his decrees?

Q: How doth God execute his decrees?

A: God executeth his decrees in the works of creation and providence. (1)

1. Revelation 4:11. Thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.
   Ephesians 1:11. In whom also we have obtained an inheritance, being predestinated according to the purpose of him who worketh all things after the counsel of his own will.

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